router_test.go

// ⚡️ Fiber is an Express inspired web framework written in Go with ☕️
// 📃 GitHub Repository: https://github.com/gofiber/fiber
// 📌 API Documentation: https://docs.gofiber.io

package fiber

import (
	"bufio"
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"io"
	"net/http"
	"net/http/httptest"
	"os"
	"reflect"
	"regexp"
	"runtime"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"testing"

	"github.com/gofiber/utils/v2"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
	"github.com/valyala/fasthttp"
)

var routesFixture routeJSON

func init() {
	dat, err := os.ReadFile("./.github/testdata/testRoutes.json")
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(dat, &routesFixture); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
}

func Test_Route_Handler_Order(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()

	var order []int

	handler1 := func(c Ctx) error {
		order = append(order, 1)
		return c.Next()
	}
	handler2 := func(c Ctx) error {
		order = append(order, 2)
		return c.Next()
	}
	handler3 := func(c Ctx) error {
		order = append(order, 3)
		return c.Next()
	}

	app.Get("/test", handler1, handler2, handler3, func(c Ctx) error {
		order = append(order, 4)
		return c.SendStatus(200)
	})

	resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/test", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	expectedOrder := []int{1, 2, 3, 4}
	require.Equal(t, expectedOrder, order, "Handler order")
}

func Test_hasFlashCookieExactMatch(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	buildRequestWithCookie := func(t *testing.T, cookie string) *fasthttp.Request {
		t.Helper()

		rawRequest := strings.NewReader(
			"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: localhost\r\nCookie: " + cookie + "\r\n\r\n",
		)
		req := new(fasthttp.Request)
		require.NoError(t, req.Read(bufio.NewReader(rawRequest)))
		return req
	}

	req := buildRequestWithCookie(t, FlashCookieName+"X=not-the-flash-cookie")
	require.False(t, hasFlashCookie(&req.Header))

	req = buildRequestWithCookie(t, FlashCookieName+"=valid")
	require.True(t, hasFlashCookie(&req.Header))

	var syntheticReq fasthttp.Request
	syntheticReq.Header.Set(HeaderCookie, FlashCookieName+"=valid")
	require.False(t, hasFlashCookie(&syntheticReq.Header))
}

func Test_Route_MixedFiberAndHTTPHandlers(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()

	var order []string

	fiberBefore := func(c Ctx) error {
		order = append(order, "fiber-before")
		c.Set("X-Fiber", "1")
		return c.Next()
	}

	httpHandler := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
		order = append(order, "http-final")
		w.Header().Set("X-HTTP", "true")
		_, err := w.Write([]byte("http"))
		assert.NoError(t, err)
	})

	fiberAfter := func(c Ctx) error {
		order = append(order, "fiber-after")
		return c.SendString("fiber")
	}

	app.Get("/mixed", fiberBefore, httpHandler, fiberAfter)

	resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/mixed", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode)
	t.Cleanup(func() {
		require.NoError(t, resp.Body.Close())
	})

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "http", string(body))
	require.Equal(t, "true", resp.Header.Get("X-HTTP"))
	require.Equal(t, "1", resp.Header.Get("X-Fiber"))

	require.Equal(t, []string{"fiber-before", "http-final"}, order)
}

func Test_Route_Group_WithHTTPHandlers(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()

	var order []string

	app.Use("/api", func(c Ctx) error {
		order = append(order, "app-use")
		return c.Next()
	})

	grp := app.Group("/api", func(c Ctx) error {
		order = append(order, "group-middleware")
		return c.Next()
	})

	grp.Get("/users", http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
		order = append(order, "http-handler")
		_, err := w.Write([]byte("users"))
		assert.NoError(t, err)
	}))

	resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/api/users", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode)
	t.Cleanup(func() {
		require.NoError(t, resp.Body.Close())
	})

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "users", string(body))

	require.Equal(t, []string{"app-use", "group-middleware", "http-handler"}, order)
}

func Test_RouteChain_WithHTTPHandlers(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()

	chain := app.RouteChain("/combo")
	chain.Get(func(c Ctx) error {
		c.Set("X-Chain", "fiber")
		return c.Next()
	}, http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
		_, err := w.Write([]byte("combo"))
		assert.NoError(t, err)
	}))

	chain.RouteChain("/nested").Get(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
		w.Header().Set("X-Nested", "true")
		_, err := w.Write([]byte("nested"))
		assert.NoError(t, err)
	}))

	resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/combo", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode)
	require.Equal(t, "fiber", resp.Header.Get("X-Chain"))
	t.Cleanup(func() {
		require.NoError(t, resp.Body.Close())
	})

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "combo", string(body))

	nestedResp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/combo/nested", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, 200, nestedResp.StatusCode)
	require.Equal(t, "true", nestedResp.Header.Get("X-Nested"))
	t.Cleanup(func() {
		require.NoError(t, nestedResp.Body.Close())
	})

	nestedBody, err := io.ReadAll(nestedResp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "nested", string(nestedBody))
}

func Test_Route_Match_SameLength(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()

	app.Get("/:param", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendString(c.Params("param"))
	})

	resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/:param", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, ":param", app.toString(body))

	// with param
	resp, err = app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/test", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	body, err = io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, "test", app.toString(body))
}

func Test_Route_Match_Star(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()

	app.Get("/*", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendString(c.Params("*"))
	})

	resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/*", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, "*", app.toString(body))

	// with param
	resp, err = app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/test", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	body, err = io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, "test", app.toString(body))

	// without parameter
	route := Route{
		star:        true,
		path:        "/*",
		routeParser: routeParser{},
	}
	params := [maxParams]string{}
	match := route.match("", "", &params)
	require.True(t, match)
	require.Equal(t, [maxParams]string{}, params)

	// with parameter
	match = route.match("/favicon.ico", "/favicon.ico", &params)
	require.True(t, match)
	require.Equal(t, [maxParams]string{"favicon.ico"}, params)

	// without parameter again
	match = route.match("", "", &params)
	require.True(t, match)
	require.Equal(t, [maxParams]string{}, params)
}

func Test_Route_Match_Root(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()

	app.Get("/", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendString("root")
	})

	resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, "root", app.toString(body))
}

func Test_Route_Match_Parser(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()

	app.Get("/foo/:ParamName", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendString(c.Params("ParamName"))
	})
	app.Get("/Foobar/*", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendString(c.Params("*"))
	})
	resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/foo/bar", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, "bar", app.toString(body))

	// with star
	resp, err = app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/Foobar/test", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	body, err = io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, "test", app.toString(body))
}

func TestAutoRegisterHeadRoutes(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	cases := []struct {
		name string
	}{
		{name: "auto registers head for get"},
		{name: "disable auto register config"},
		{name: "explicit head overrides auto head route"},
		{name: "auto head for grouped routes"},
		{name: "static handler auto head"},
		{name: "head without matching route returns 404"},
		{name: "late explicit get keeps explicit head"},
		{name: "route listing includes auto head"},
		{name: "head mirrors status without body"},
	}

	requireClose := func(tb testing.TB, closer io.Closer) {
		tb.Helper()
		require.NoError(tb, closer.Close())
	}

	registerCleanup := func(tb testing.TB, body io.ReadCloser) {
		tb.Helper()
		tb.Cleanup(func() {
			requireClose(tb, body)
		})
	}

	runners := []func(t *testing.T){
		func(t *testing.T) {
			t.Helper()
			app := New()
			app.Get("/", func(c Ctx) error {
				c.Set("X-Test", "auto")
				return c.SendString("Hello")
			})

			respHead, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodHead, "/", http.NoBody))
			require.NoError(t, err)
			registerCleanup(t, respHead.Body)
			require.Equal(t, StatusOK, respHead.StatusCode)
			require.Equal(t, int64(len("Hello")), respHead.ContentLength)
			require.Equal(t, "auto", respHead.Header.Get("X-Test"))

			body, err := io.ReadAll(respHead.Body)
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Empty(t, body)

			respGet, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/", http.NoBody))
			require.NoError(t, err)
			registerCleanup(t, respGet.Body)
			require.Equal(t, StatusOK, respGet.StatusCode)
			require.Equal(t, int64(len("Hello")), respGet.ContentLength)
			data, err := io.ReadAll(respGet.Body)
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Equal(t, "Hello", string(data))
		},
		func(t *testing.T) {
			t.Helper()
			app := New(Config{DisableHeadAutoRegister: true})
			app.Get("/", func(c Ctx) error {
				return c.SendString("Hello")
			})

			resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodHead, "/", http.NoBody))
			require.NoError(t, err)
			registerCleanup(t, resp.Body)
			require.Equal(t, StatusMethodNotAllowed, resp.StatusCode)
		},
		func(t *testing.T) {
			t.Helper()
			app := New()
			var getCalls int
			app.Get("/override", func(c Ctx) error {
				getCalls++
				return c.SendString("GET")
			})

			respHead, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodHead, "/override", http.NoBody))
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Equal(t, StatusOK, respHead.StatusCode)
			require.Equal(t, 1, getCalls)
			requireClose(t, respHead.Body)

			var headCalls int
			app.Head("/override", func(c Ctx) error {
				headCalls++
				c.Set("X-Explicit", "true")
				return c.SendStatus(StatusNoContent)
			})

			respHead, err = app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodHead, "/override", http.NoBody))
			require.NoError(t, err)
			registerCleanup(t, respHead.Body)
			require.Equal(t, StatusNoContent, respHead.StatusCode)
			require.Equal(t, "true", respHead.Header.Get("X-Explicit"))
			body, err := io.ReadAll(respHead.Body)
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Empty(t, body)
			require.Equal(t, 1, getCalls)
			require.Equal(t, 1, headCalls)
		},
		func(t *testing.T) {
			t.Helper()
			app := New()
			group := app.Group("/api")
			group.Get("/users/:id", func(c Ctx) error {
				c.Set("X-User", c.Params("id"))
				return c.SendString("grouped")
			})

			respHead, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodHead, "/api/users/42", http.NoBody))
			require.NoError(t, err)
			registerCleanup(t, respHead.Body)
			require.Equal(t, StatusOK, respHead.StatusCode)
			require.Equal(t, "42", respHead.Header.Get("X-User"))
			body, err := io.ReadAll(respHead.Body)
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Empty(t, body)
		},
		func(t *testing.T) {
			t.Helper()
			const file = "./.github/testdata/testRoutes.json"
			content, err := os.ReadFile(file)
			require.NoError(t, err)

			app := New()
			app.Get("/file", func(c Ctx) error {
				return c.SendFile(file)
			})

			respHead, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodHead, "/file", http.NoBody))
			require.NoError(t, err)
			registerCleanup(t, respHead.Body)
			require.Equal(t, StatusOK, respHead.StatusCode)
			require.Equal(t, int64(len(content)), respHead.ContentLength)
			body, err := io.ReadAll(respHead.Body)
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Empty(t, body)

			respGet, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/file", http.NoBody))
			require.NoError(t, err)
			registerCleanup(t, respGet.Body)
			data, err := io.ReadAll(respGet.Body)
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Equal(t, content, data)
		},
		func(t *testing.T) {
			t.Helper()
			app := New()
			resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodHead, "/missing", http.NoBody))
			require.NoError(t, err)
			registerCleanup(t, resp.Body)
			require.Equal(t, StatusNotFound, resp.StatusCode)
		},
		func(t *testing.T) {
			t.Helper()
			app := New()
			var headCalls int
			app.Head("/late", func(c Ctx) error {
				headCalls++
				c.Set("X-Late", "head")
				return c.SendStatus(StatusAccepted)
			})

			var getCalls int
			app.Get("/late", func(c Ctx) error {
				getCalls++
				return c.SendString("ok")
			})

			respHead, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodHead, "/late", http.NoBody))
			require.NoError(t, err)
			registerCleanup(t, respHead.Body)
			require.Equal(t, StatusAccepted, respHead.StatusCode)
			require.Equal(t, "head", respHead.Header.Get("X-Late"))
			require.Equal(t, 1, headCalls)
			require.Equal(t, 0, getCalls)

			respGet, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/late", http.NoBody))
			require.NoError(t, err)
			registerCleanup(t, respGet.Body)
			require.Equal(t, StatusOK, respGet.StatusCode)
			require.Equal(t, 1, getCalls)
		},
		func(t *testing.T) {
			t.Helper()
			app := New()
			app.Get("/list", func(c Ctx) error {
				return c.SendString("list")
			})

			app.startupProcess()

			routes := app.GetRoutes()
			var hasGet, hasHead bool
			for _, route := range routes {
				if route.Path == "/list" {
					if route.Method == MethodGet {
						hasGet = true
					}
					if route.Method == MethodHead {
						hasHead = true
					}
				}
			}
			require.True(t, hasGet)
			require.True(t, hasHead)
		},
		func(t *testing.T) {
			t.Helper()
			app := New()
			app.Get("/nocontent", func(c Ctx) error {
				return c.SendStatus(StatusNoContent)
			})

			respHead, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodHead, "/nocontent", http.NoBody))
			require.NoError(t, err)
			registerCleanup(t, respHead.Body)
			require.Equal(t, StatusNoContent, respHead.StatusCode)
			body, err := io.ReadAll(respHead.Body)
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Empty(t, body)

			respGet, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/nocontent", http.NoBody))
			require.NoError(t, err)
			registerCleanup(t, respGet.Body)
			require.Equal(t, StatusNoContent, respGet.StatusCode)
		},
	}

	require.Len(t, runners, len(cases))

	for i, tc := range cases {
		runner := runners[i]
		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			t.Parallel()
			runner(t)
		})
	}
}

func Test_Route_Match_Middleware(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()

	app.Use("/foo/*", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendString(c.Params("*"))
	})

	resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/foo/*", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, "*", app.toString(body))

	// with param
	resp, err = app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/foo/bar/fasel", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	body, err = io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, "bar/fasel", app.toString(body))
}

func Test_Route_Match_UnescapedPath(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New(Config{UnescapePath: true})

	app.Use("/créer", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendString("test")
	})

	resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/cr%C3%A9er", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, StatusOK, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, "test", app.toString(body))
	// without special chars
	resp, err = app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/créer", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, StatusOK, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	// check deactivated behavior
	app.config.UnescapePath = false
	resp, err = app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/cr%C3%A9er", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, StatusNotFound, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")
}

func Test_Route_Match_WithEscapeChar(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()
	// static route and escaped part
	app.Get("/v1/some/resource/name\\:customVerb", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendString("static")
	})
	// group route
	group := app.Group("/v2/\\:firstVerb")
	group.Get("/\\:customVerb", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendString("group")
	})
	// route with resource param and escaped part
	app.Get("/v3/:resource/name\\:customVerb", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendString(c.Params("resource"))
	})

	// check static route
	resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/v1/some/resource/name:customVerb", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, StatusOK, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, "static", app.toString(body))

	// check group route
	resp, err = app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/v2/:firstVerb/:customVerb", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, StatusOK, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	body, err = io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, "group", app.toString(body))

	// check param route
	resp, err = app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/v3/awesome/name:customVerb", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, StatusOK, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	body, err = io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, "awesome", app.toString(body))
}

func Test_Route_Match_Middleware_HasPrefix(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()

	app.Use("/foo", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendString("middleware")
	})

	resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/foo/bar", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, "middleware", app.toString(body))
}

func Test_Route_Match_Middleware_NoBoundary(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()

	app.Use("/foo", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
	})

	resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/foobar", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, StatusNotFound, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")
}

func Test_Route_Match_Middleware_Root(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()

	app.Use("/", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendString("middleware")
	})

	resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, "/everything", http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, "middleware", app.toString(body))
}

func Test_Router_Register_Missing_Handler(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()

	t.Run("No Handler", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()

		require.PanicsWithValue(t, "missing handler/middleware in route: /doe\n", func() {
			app.register([]string{"USE"}, "/doe", nil)
		})
	})

	t.Run("Nil Handler", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()

		require.PanicsWithValue(t, "nil handler in route: /doe\n", func() {
			app.register([]string{"USE"}, "/doe", nil, nil)
		})
	})
}

func Test_Ensure_Router_Interface_Implementation(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	var app any = (*App)(nil)
	_, ok := app.(Router)
	require.True(t, ok)

	var group any = (*Group)(nil)
	_, ok = group.(Router)
	require.True(t, ok)
}

func Test_Router_Handler_Catch_Error(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	app := New()
	app.config.ErrorHandler = func(_ Ctx, _ error) error {
		return errors.New("fake error")
	}

	app.Get("/", func(_ Ctx) error {
		return ErrForbidden
	})

	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}

	app.Handler()(c)

	require.Equal(t, StatusInternalServerError, c.Response.Header.StatusCode())
}

func Test_Router_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()
	app.Use(func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.Next()
	})
	appHandler := app.Handler()
	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}

	c.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
	c.URI().SetPath("/this/route/does/not/exist")

	appHandler(c)

	require.Equal(t, 404, c.Response.StatusCode())
	require.Equal(t, "Not Found", string(c.Response.Body()))
}

func Test_Router_NotFound_HTML_Inject(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()
	app.Use(func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.Next()
	})
	appHandler := app.Handler()
	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}

	c.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
	c.URI().SetPath("/does/not/exist<script>alert('foo');</script>")

	appHandler(c)

	require.Equal(t, 404, c.Response.StatusCode())
	require.Equal(t, "Not Found", string(c.Response.Body()))
}

func registerTreeManipulationRoutes(app *App, middleware ...func(Ctx) error) {
	converted := make([]any, len(middleware))
	for i, h := range middleware {
		converted[i] = h
	}

	app.Get("/test", func(c Ctx) error {
		app.Get("/dynamically-defined", func(c Ctx) error {
			return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
		})

		app.RebuildTree()

		return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
	}, converted...)
}

func verifyRequest(tb testing.TB, app *App, path string, expectedStatus int) *http.Response {
	tb.Helper()

	resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, path, http.NoBody))
	require.NoError(tb, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(tb, expectedStatus, resp.StatusCode, "Status code")

	return resp
}

func verifyRouteHandlerCounts(tb testing.TB, app *App, expectedRoutesCount int) {
	tb.Helper()

	//  this is taken from listen.go's printRoutesMessage app method
	var routes []RouteMessage
	for _, routeStack := range app.stack {
		for _, route := range routeStack {
			routeMsg := RouteMessage{
				name:   route.Name,
				method: route.Method,
				path:   route.Path,
			}

			for _, handler := range route.Handlers {
				routeMsg.handlers += runtime.FuncForPC(reflect.ValueOf(handler).Pointer()).Name() + " "
			}

			routes = append(routes, routeMsg)
		}
	}

	for _, route := range routes {
		require.Equal(tb, expectedRoutesCount, strings.Count(route.handlers, " "))
	}
}

func verifyThereAreNoRoutes(tb testing.TB, app *App) {
	tb.Helper()

	require.Equal(tb, uint32(0), app.handlersCount)
	verifyRouteHandlerCounts(tb, app, 0)
}

func Test_App_Rebuild_Tree(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()

	registerTreeManipulationRoutes(app)

	verifyRequest(t, app, "/dynamically-defined", StatusNotFound)
	verifyRequest(t, app, "/test", StatusOK)
	verifyRequest(t, app, "/dynamically-defined", StatusOK)
}

func Test_App_Remove_Route_A_B_Feature_Testing(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()

	app.Get("/api/feature-a", func(c Ctx) error {
		app.RemoveRoute("/api/feature", MethodGet)
		app.RebuildTree()
		// Redefine route
		app.Get("/api/feature", func(c Ctx) error {
			return c.SendString("Testing feature-a")
		})

		app.RebuildTree()
		return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
	})
	app.Get("/api/feature-b", func(c Ctx) error {
		app.RemoveRoute("/api/feature", MethodGet)
		app.RebuildTree()
		// Redefine route
		app.Get("/api/feature", func(c Ctx) error {
			return c.SendString("Testing feature-b")
		})

		app.RebuildTree()
		return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
	})

	verifyRequest(t, app, "/api/feature-a", StatusOK)

	resp := verifyRequest(t, app, "/api/feature", StatusOK)
	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")

	require.Equal(t, "Testing feature-a", string(body), "Response Message")

	verifyRequest(t, app, "/api/feature-b", StatusOK)

	resp = verifyRequest(t, app, "/api/feature", StatusOK)
	body, err = io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err, "app.Test(req)")
	require.Equal(t, "Testing feature-b", string(body), "Response Message")
}

func Test_App_Remove_Route_By_Name(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()

	app.Get("/api/test", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
	}).Name("test")

	app.RemoveRouteByName("test", MethodGet)
	app.RebuildTree()

	verifyRequest(t, app, "/test", StatusNotFound)
	verifyThereAreNoRoutes(t, app)
}

func Test_App_Remove_Route_By_Name_Non_Existing_Route(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()

	app.RemoveRouteByName("test", MethodGet)
	app.RebuildTree()

	verifyThereAreNoRoutes(t, app)
}

func Test_App_Remove_Route_Nested(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()

	api := app.Group("/api")

	v1 := api.Group("/v1")
	v1.Get("/test", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
	})

	verifyRequest(t, app, "/api/v1/test", StatusOK)
	app.RemoveRoute("/api/v1/test", MethodGet)

	verifyThereAreNoRoutes(t, app)
}

func Test_App_Remove_Route_Parameterized(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()

	app.Get("/test/:id", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
	})
	verifyRequest(t, app, "/test/:id", StatusOK)
	app.RemoveRoute("/test/:id", MethodGet)

	verifyThereAreNoRoutes(t, app)
}

func Test_App_Remove_Route(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()

	app.Get("/test", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
	})

	app.RemoveRoute("/test", MethodGet)
	app.RebuildTree()

	verifyRequest(t, app, "/test", StatusNotFound)
}

func Test_App_Remove_Route_Non_Existing_Route(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()

	app.RemoveRoute("/test", MethodGet, MethodHead)
	app.RebuildTree()

	verifyThereAreNoRoutes(t, app)
}

func Test_App_Use_StrictRoutingBoundary(t *testing.T) {
	type testCase struct {
		name           string
		path           string
		expectedStatus int
		strictRouting  bool
		expectMatched  bool
	}

	testCases := []testCase{
		{
			name:           "Strict exact match",
			strictRouting:  true,
			path:           "/api",
			expectMatched:  true,
			expectedStatus: StatusOK,
		},
		{
			name:           "Strict trailing slash partial",
			strictRouting:  true,
			path:           "/api/",
			expectMatched:  true,
			expectedStatus: StatusOK,
		},
		{
			name:           "Strict nested partial",
			strictRouting:  true,
			path:           "/api/users",
			expectMatched:  true,
			expectedStatus: StatusOK,
		},
		{
			name:           "Strict disallows sibling prefix",
			strictRouting:  true,
			path:           "/apiv1",
			expectMatched:  false,
			expectedStatus: StatusNotFound,
		},
		{
			name:           "Non-strict exact match",
			strictRouting:  false,
			path:           "/api",
			expectMatched:  true,
			expectedStatus: StatusOK,
		},
		{
			name:           "Non-strict trailing slash partial",
			strictRouting:  false,
			path:           "/api/",
			expectMatched:  true,
			expectedStatus: StatusOK,
		},
		{
			name:           "Non-strict nested partial",
			strictRouting:  false,
			path:           "/api/users",
			expectMatched:  true,
			expectedStatus: StatusOK,
		},
		{
			name:           "Non-strict disallows sibling prefix",
			strictRouting:  false,
			path:           "/apiv1",
			expectMatched:  false,
			expectedStatus: StatusNotFound,
		},
	}

	for _, tt := range testCases {
		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			app := New(Config{StrictRouting: tt.strictRouting})

			matched := false
			app.Use("/api", func(c Ctx) error {
				matched = true
				return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
			})

			resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, tt.path, http.NoBody))
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Equal(t, tt.expectedStatus, resp.StatusCode)
			require.Equal(t, tt.expectMatched, matched)
		})
	}
}

func Test_Group_Use_StrictRoutingBoundary(t *testing.T) {
	type testCase struct {
		name           string
		path           string
		expectedStatus int
		strictRouting  bool
		expectMatched  bool
	}

	testCases := []testCase{
		{
			name:           "Strict group exact match",
			strictRouting:  true,
			path:           "/api/v1",
			expectMatched:  true,
			expectedStatus: StatusOK,
		},
		{
			name:           "Strict group trailing slash partial",
			strictRouting:  true,
			path:           "/api/v1/",
			expectMatched:  true,
			expectedStatus: StatusOK,
		},
		{
			name:           "Strict group nested partial",
			strictRouting:  true,
			path:           "/api/v1/users",
			expectMatched:  true,
			expectedStatus: StatusOK,
		},
		{
			name:           "Strict group disallows sibling prefix",
			strictRouting:  true,
			path:           "/api/v1beta",
			expectMatched:  false,
			expectedStatus: StatusNotFound,
		},
		{
			name:           "Non-strict group exact match",
			strictRouting:  false,
			path:           "/api/v1",
			expectMatched:  true,
			expectedStatus: StatusOK,
		},
		{
			name:           "Non-strict group trailing slash partial",
			strictRouting:  false,
			path:           "/api/v1/",
			expectMatched:  true,
			expectedStatus: StatusOK,
		},
		{
			name:           "Non-strict group nested partial",
			strictRouting:  false,
			path:           "/api/v1/users",
			expectMatched:  true,
			expectedStatus: StatusOK,
		},
		{
			name:           "Non-strict group disallows sibling prefix",
			strictRouting:  false,
			path:           "/api/v1beta",
			expectMatched:  false,
			expectedStatus: StatusNotFound,
		},
	}

	for _, tt := range testCases {
		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			app := New(Config{StrictRouting: tt.strictRouting})

			grp := app.Group("/api")
			matched := false
			grp.Use("/v1", func(c Ctx) error {
				matched = true
				return c.Next()
			})
			grp.Get("/v1", func(c Ctx) error {
				return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
			})
			grp.Get("/v1/*", func(c Ctx) error {
				return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
			})

			resp, err := app.Test(httptest.NewRequest(MethodGet, tt.path, http.NoBody))
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Equal(t, tt.expectedStatus, resp.StatusCode)
			require.Equal(t, tt.expectMatched, matched)
		})
	}
}

func Test_App_Remove_Route_Concurrent(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()

	// Add test route
	app.Get("/test", func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
	})

	// Concurrently remove and add routes
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	for range 10 {
		wg.Go(func() {
			app.RemoveRoute("/test", MethodGet)
			app.Get("/test", func(c Ctx) error {
				return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
			})
		})
	}
	wg.Wait()

	// Verify final state
	app.RebuildTree()
	verifyRequest(t, app, "/test", StatusOK)
}

func Test_Route_Registration_Prevent_Duplicate_With_Middleware(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()

	middleware := func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.Next()
	}

	registerTreeManipulationRoutes(app, middleware)
	registerTreeManipulationRoutes(app)

	verifyRequest(t, app, "/dynamically-defined", StatusNotFound)
	require.Equal(t, uint32(6), app.handlersCount)

	verifyRequest(t, app, "/test", StatusOK)
	require.Equal(t, uint32(7), app.handlersCount)

	verifyRequest(t, app, "/dynamically-defined", StatusOK)
	require.Equal(t, uint32(8), app.handlersCount)

	verifyRequest(t, app, "/test", StatusOK)
	require.Equal(t, uint32(9), app.handlersCount)

	verifyRequest(t, app, "/dynamically-defined", StatusOK)
	require.Equal(t, uint32(9), app.handlersCount)
}

func TestNormalizePath(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		name          string
		path          string
		expected      string
		caseSensitive bool
		strictRouting bool
	}{
		{
			name:          "Empty path",
			path:          "",
			caseSensitive: true,
			strictRouting: true,
			expected:      "/",
		},
		{
			name:          "No leading slash",
			path:          "users",
			caseSensitive: true,
			strictRouting: true,
			expected:      "/users",
		},
		{
			name:          "With trailing slash and strict routing",
			path:          "/users/",
			caseSensitive: true,
			strictRouting: true,
			expected:      "/users/",
		},
		{
			name:          "With trailing slash and non-strict routing",
			path:          "/users/",
			caseSensitive: true,
			strictRouting: false,
			expected:      "/users",
		},
		{
			name:          "Case sensitive",
			path:          "/Users",
			caseSensitive: true,
			strictRouting: true,
			expected:      "/Users",
		},
		{
			name:          "Case insensitive",
			path:          "/Users",
			caseSensitive: false,
			strictRouting: true,
			expected:      "/users",
		},
		{
			name:          "With escape characters",
			path:          "/users\\/profile",
			caseSensitive: true,
			strictRouting: true,
			expected:      "/users/profile",
		},
	}

	for _, tt := range tests {
		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			app := &App{
				config: Config{
					CaseSensitive: tt.caseSensitive,
					StrictRouting: tt.strictRouting,
				},
			}
			result := app.normalizePath(tt.path)
			require.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
		})
	}
}

func TestRemoveRoute(t *testing.T) {
	app := New()

	var buf strings.Builder

	app.Use(func(c Ctx) error {
		buf.WriteString("1") //nolint:errcheck // not needed
		return c.Next()
	})

	app.Post("/", func(c Ctx) error {
		buf.WriteString("2") //nolint:errcheck // not needed
		return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
	})

	app.Use("/test", func(c Ctx) error {
		buf.WriteString("3") //nolint:errcheck // not needed
		return c.Next()
	})

	app.Get("/test", func(c Ctx) error {
		buf.WriteString("4") //nolint:errcheck // not needed
		return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
	})

	app.Post("/test", func(c Ctx) error {
		buf.WriteString("5") //nolint:errcheck // not needed
		return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
	})

	app.startupProcess()

	require.Equal(t, uint32(6), app.handlersCount)

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(context.Background(), MethodPost, "/", http.NoBody)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	resp, err := app.Test(req)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode)
	require.Equal(t, "12", buf.String())

	buf.Reset()

	req, err = http.NewRequestWithContext(context.Background(), MethodGet, "/test", http.NoBody)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	resp, err = app.Test(req)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode)
	require.Equal(t, "134", buf.String())

	buf.Reset()

	require.Equal(t, uint32(6), app.handlersCount)

	app.RemoveRoute("/test", MethodGet)
	app.RebuildTree()

	app.RemoveRoute("/test", "TEST")
	app.RebuildTree()

	app.RemoveRouteFunc(func(_ *Route) bool {
		return false
	}, MethodGet)

	req, err = http.NewRequestWithContext(context.Background(), MethodGet, "/test", http.NoBody)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	resp, err = app.Test(req)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	buf.Reset()

	require.Equal(t, StatusMethodNotAllowed, resp.StatusCode)

	require.Equal(t, uint32(4), app.handlersCount)

	app.RemoveRoute("/test", MethodPost)
	app.RebuildTree()

	require.Equal(t, uint32(3), app.handlersCount)

	req, err = http.NewRequestWithContext(context.Background(), MethodPost, "/test", http.NoBody)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	resp, err = app.Test(req)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	require.Equal(t, 404, resp.StatusCode)
	require.Equal(t, "1", buf.String())

	buf.Reset()

	req, err = http.NewRequestWithContext(context.Background(), MethodGet, "/test", http.NoBody)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	resp, err = app.Test(req)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	require.Equal(t, 404, resp.StatusCode)
	require.Equal(t, "1", buf.String())

	buf.Reset()

	app.RemoveRoute("/", MethodGet, MethodPost)

	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), app.handlersCount)

	req, err = http.NewRequestWithContext(context.Background(), MethodGet, "/", http.NoBody)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	resp, err = app.Test(req)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	require.Equal(t, 404, resp.StatusCode)
	require.Empty(t, buf.String())

	buf.Reset()

	app.RemoveRoute("/test", MethodGet, MethodPost)

	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), app.handlersCount)

	app.RemoveRoute("/test", app.config.RequestMethods...)

	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), app.handlersCount)

	app.Patch("/test", func(c Ctx) error {
		buf.WriteString("6") //nolint:errcheck // not needed
		return c.SendStatus(StatusOK)
	})

	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), app.handlersCount)

	app.RemoveRoute("/test")
	app.RemoveRoute("/")
	app.RebuildTree()

	require.Equal(t, uint32(0), app.handlersCount)
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////
///////////////// BENCHMARKS /////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////

func registerDummyRoutes(app *App) {
	h := func(_ Ctx) error {
		return nil
	}
	for _, r := range routesFixture.GitHubAPI {
		app.Add([]string{r.Method}, r.Path, h)
	}
}

func acquireDefaultCtxForRouterBenchmark(b *testing.B, app *App, fctx *fasthttp.RequestCtx) *DefaultCtx {
	b.Helper()

	ctx := app.AcquireCtx(fctx)
	defaultCtx, ok := ctx.(*DefaultCtx)
	if !ok {
		b.Fatal("AcquireCtx did not return *DefaultCtx")
	}
	return defaultCtx
}

// go test -v -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_App_RebuildTree -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_App_RebuildTree(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	registerDummyRoutes(app)

	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.ResetTimer()

	for b.Loop() {
		app.hasRoutesRefreshed = true
		app.RebuildTree()
	}
}

// go test -v -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_App_MethodNotAllowed -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_App_MethodNotAllowed(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	h := func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendString("Hello World!")
	}
	app.All("/this/is/a/", h)
	app.Get("/this/is/a/dummy/route/oke", h)
	appHandler := app.Handler()
	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}

	c.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
	c.URI().SetPath("/this/is/a/dummy/route/oke")

	for b.Loop() {
		appHandler(c)
	}
	require.Equal(b, 405, c.Response.StatusCode())
	require.Equal(b, MethodGet+", "+MethodHead, string(c.Response.Header.Peek("Allow")))
	require.Equal(b, utils.StatusMessage(StatusMethodNotAllowed), string(c.Response.Body()))
}

// go test -v ./... -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Router_NotFound -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Router_NotFound(b *testing.B) {
	b.ReportAllocs()
	app := New()
	app.Use(func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.Next()
	})
	registerDummyRoutes(app)
	appHandler := app.Handler()
	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}

	c.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
	c.URI().SetPath("/this/route/does/not/exist")

	for b.Loop() {
		appHandler(c)
	}
	require.Equal(b, 404, c.Response.StatusCode())
	require.Equal(b, "Not Found", string(c.Response.Body()))
}

// go test -v ./... -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Router_Handler -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Router_Handler(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	registerDummyRoutes(app)
	appHandler := app.Handler()

	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}

	c.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
	c.URI().SetPath("/user/keys/1337")

	for b.Loop() {
		appHandler(c)
	}
}

func Benchmark_Router_Handler_Strict_Case(b *testing.B) {
	app := New(Config{
		StrictRouting: true,
		CaseSensitive: true,
	})
	registerDummyRoutes(app)
	appHandler := app.Handler()

	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}

	c.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
	c.URI().SetPath("/user/keys/1337")

	for b.Loop() {
		appHandler(c)
	}
}

// go test -v ./... -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Router_Chain -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Router_Chain(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	handler := func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.Next()
	}
	app.Get("/", handler, handler, handler, handler, handler, handler)

	appHandler := app.Handler()

	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}

	c.Request.Header.SetMethod(MethodGet)
	c.URI().SetPath("/")
	for b.Loop() {
		appHandler(c)
	}
}

// go test -v ./... -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Router_WithCompression -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Router_WithCompression(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	handler := func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.Next()
	}
	app.Get("/", handler)
	app.Get("/", handler)
	app.Get("/", handler)
	app.Get("/", handler)
	app.Get("/", handler)
	app.Get("/", handler)

	appHandler := app.Handler()
	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}

	c.Request.Header.SetMethod(MethodGet)
	c.URI().SetPath("/")
	for b.Loop() {
		appHandler(c)
	}
}

// go test -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Startup_Process -benchmem -count=9
func Benchmark_Startup_Process(b *testing.B) {
	for b.Loop() {
		app := New()
		registerDummyRoutes(app)
		app.startupProcess()
	}
}

// go test -v ./... -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Router_Next -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Router_Next(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	registerDummyRoutes(app)
	app.startupProcess()

	request := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}

	request.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
	request.URI().SetPath("/user/keys/1337")
	var res bool
	var err error

	c := app.AcquireCtx(request).(*DefaultCtx) //nolint:errcheck,forcetypeassert // not needed

	for b.Loop() {
		c.indexRoute = -1
		res, err = app.next(c)
	}
	require.NoError(b, err)
	require.True(b, res)
	require.Equal(b, 4, c.indexRoute)
}

// go test -v ./... -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Router_Next_Default -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Router_Next_Default(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	app.Get("/", func(_ Ctx) error {
		return nil
	})

	h := app.Handler()

	fctx := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	fctx.Request.Header.SetMethod(MethodGet)
	fctx.Request.SetRequestURI("/")

	b.ReportAllocs()

	for b.Loop() {
		h(fctx)
	}
}

// go test -benchmem -run=^$ -bench ^Benchmark_Router_Next_Default_Parallel$ github.com/gofiber/fiber/v3 -count=1
func Benchmark_Router_Next_Default_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	app.Get("/", func(_ Ctx) error {
		return nil
	})

	h := app.Handler()

	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.ResetTimer()

	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		fctx := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
		fctx.Request.Header.SetMethod(MethodGet)
		fctx.Request.SetRequestURI("/")

		for pb.Next() {
			h(fctx)
		}
	})
}

// go test -v ./... -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Router_Next_Default_Immutable -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Router_Next_Default_Immutable(b *testing.B) {
	app := New(Config{Immutable: true})
	app.Get("/", func(_ Ctx) error {
		return nil
	})

	h := app.Handler()

	fctx := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	fctx.Request.Header.SetMethod(MethodGet)
	fctx.Request.SetRequestURI("/")

	b.ReportAllocs()

	for b.Loop() {
		h(fctx)
	}
}

// go test -benchmem -run=^$ -bench ^Benchmark_Router_Next_Default_Parallel_Immutable$ github.com/gofiber/fiber/v3 -count=1
func Benchmark_Router_Next_Default_Parallel_Immutable(b *testing.B) {
	app := New(Config{Immutable: true})
	app.Get("/", func(_ Ctx) error {
		return nil
	})

	h := app.Handler()

	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.ResetTimer()

	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		fctx := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
		fctx.Request.Header.SetMethod(MethodGet)
		fctx.Request.SetRequestURI("/")

		for pb.Next() {
			h(fctx)
		}
	})
}

// go test -v ./... -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Route_Match -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Route_Match(b *testing.B) {
	var match bool
	var params [maxParams]string

	parsed := parseRoute("/user/keys/:id", regexp.MustCompile)
	route := &Route{
		use:         false,
		root:        false,
		star:        false,
		routeParser: parsed,
		Params:      parsed.params,
		path:        "/user/keys/:id",

		Path:   "/user/keys/:id",
		Method: "DELETE",
	}
	route.Handlers = append(route.Handlers, func(_ Ctx) error {
		return nil
	})
	for b.Loop() {
		match = route.match("/user/keys/1337", "/user/keys/1337", &params)
	}

	require.True(b, match)
	require.Equal(b, []string{"1337"}, params[0:len(parsed.params)])
}

// go test -v ./... -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Route_Match_Star -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Route_Match_Star(b *testing.B) {
	var match bool
	var params [maxParams]string

	parsed := parseRoute("/*", regexp.MustCompile)
	route := &Route{
		use:         false,
		root:        false,
		star:        true,
		routeParser: parsed,
		Params:      parsed.params,
		path:        "/user/keys/bla",

		Path:   "/user/keys/bla",
		Method: "DELETE",
	}
	route.Handlers = append(route.Handlers, func(_ Ctx) error {
		return nil
	})

	for b.Loop() {
		match = route.match("/user/keys/bla", "/user/keys/bla", &params)
	}

	require.True(b, match)
	require.Equal(b, []string{"user/keys/bla"}, params[0:len(parsed.params)])
}

// go test -v ./... -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Route_Match_Root -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Route_Match_Root(b *testing.B) {
	var match bool
	var params [maxParams]string

	parsed := parseRoute("/", regexp.MustCompile)
	route := &Route{
		use:         false,
		root:        true,
		star:        false,
		path:        "/",
		routeParser: parsed,
		Params:      parsed.params,

		Path:   "/",
		Method: "DELETE",
	}
	route.Handlers = append(route.Handlers, func(_ Ctx) error {
		return nil
	})

	for b.Loop() {
		match = route.match("/", "/", &params)
	}

	require.True(b, match)
	require.Equal(b, []string{}, params[0:len(parsed.params)])
}

// go test -v ./... -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Router_Handler_CaseSensitive -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Router_Handler_CaseSensitive(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	app.config.CaseSensitive = true
	registerDummyRoutes(app)
	appHandler := app.Handler()

	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}

	c.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
	c.URI().SetPath("/user/keys/1337")

	for b.Loop() {
		appHandler(c)
	}
}

// go test -v ./... -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Router_Handler_Unescape -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Router_Handler_Unescape(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	app.config.UnescapePath = true
	registerDummyRoutes(app)
	app.Delete("/créer", func(_ Ctx) error {
		return nil
	})

	appHandler := app.Handler()

	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}

	c.Request.Header.SetMethod(MethodDelete)
	c.URI().SetPath("/cr%C3%A9er")

	for b.Loop() {
		c.URI().SetPath("/cr%C3%A9er")
		appHandler(c)
	}
}

// go test -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Router_Handler_StrictRouting -benchmem -count=4
func Benchmark_Router_Handler_StrictRouting(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	app.config.CaseSensitive = true
	registerDummyRoutes(app)
	appHandler := app.Handler()

	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}

	c.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
	c.URI().SetPath("/user/keys/1337")

	for b.Loop() {
		appHandler(c)
	}
}

// go test -run=^$ -bench=Benchmark_Router_GitHub_API -benchmem -count=16
func Benchmark_Router_GitHub_API(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	registerDummyRoutes(app)
	app.startupProcess()

	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	var match bool
	var err error

	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := range routesFixture.TestRoutes {
		b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
			c.Request.Header.SetMethod(routesFixture.TestRoutes[i].Method)
			for pb.Next() {
				c.URI().SetPath(routesFixture.TestRoutes[i].Path)

				ctx := app.AcquireCtx(c).(*DefaultCtx) //nolint:errcheck,forcetypeassert // not needed

				match, err = app.next(ctx)
				app.ReleaseCtx(ctx)
			}
		})

		require.NoError(b, err)
		require.True(b, match)
	}
}

type testRoute struct {
	Method string `json:"method"`
	Path   string `json:"path"`
}

type routeJSON struct {
	TestRoutes []testRoute `json:"test_routes"`
	GitHubAPI  []testRoute `json:"github_api"`
}

func newCustomApp() *App {
	return NewWithCustomCtx(func(app *App) CustomCtx {
		return &customCtx{DefaultCtx: *NewDefaultCtx(app)}
	})
}

func Test_NextCustom_MethodNotAllowed(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := newCustomApp()
	app.Get("/foo", func(c Ctx) error { return c.SendStatus(StatusOK) })
	useRoute := &Route{use: true, path: "/foo", Path: "/foo", routeParser: parseRoute("/foo", regexp.MustCompile)}
	m := app.methodInt(MethodGet)
	app.stack[m] = append([]*Route{useRoute}, app.stack[m]...)
	app.hasRoutesRefreshed = true
	app.ensureAutoHeadRoutes()
	app.RebuildTree()

	fctx := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	fctx.Request.Header.SetMethod(MethodPost)
	fctx.Request.SetRequestURI("/foo")

	ctx := app.AcquireCtx(fctx)
	defer app.ReleaseCtx(ctx)

	matched, err := app.nextCustom(ctx)
	require.False(t, matched)
	require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrMethodNotAllowed)
	allow := string(ctx.Response().Header.Peek(HeaderAllow))
	require.Equal(t, "GET, HEAD", allow)
}

func Test_NextCustom_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := newCustomApp()
	app.RebuildTree()

	fctx := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	fctx.Request.Header.SetMethod(MethodGet)
	fctx.Request.SetRequestURI("/not-exist")

	ctx := app.AcquireCtx(fctx)
	defer app.ReleaseCtx(ctx)

	matched, err := app.nextCustom(ctx)
	require.False(t, matched)
	var e *Error
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &e)
	require.Equal(t, StatusNotFound, e.Code)
}

func Test_RequestHandler_CustomCtx_NotImplemented(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := newCustomApp()

	h := app.Handler()
	fctx := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	fctx.Request.Header.SetMethod("UNKNOWN")
	fctx.Request.SetRequestURI("/")

	h(fctx)
	require.Equal(t, StatusNotImplemented, fctx.Response.StatusCode())
}

func Test_NextCustom_Matched404(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := newCustomApp()
	app.RebuildTree()

	fctx := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	fctx.Request.Header.SetMethod(MethodGet)
	fctx.Request.SetRequestURI("/none")

	ctx := app.AcquireCtx(fctx)
	ctx.setMatched(true)
	defer app.ReleaseCtx(ctx)

	matched, err := app.nextCustom(ctx)
	require.False(t, matched)
	var e *Error
	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &e)
	require.Equal(t, StatusNotFound, e.Code)
}

func Test_NextCustom_SkipMountAndNoHandlers(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := newCustomApp()
	m := app.methodInt(MethodGet)
	mountR := &Route{path: "/skip", Path: "/skip", routeParser: parseRoute("/skip", regexp.MustCompile), mount: true}
	empty := &Route{path: "/foo", Path: "/foo", routeParser: parseRoute("/foo", regexp.MustCompile)}
	app.stack[m] = []*Route{mountR, empty}
	app.hasRoutesRefreshed = true
	app.RebuildTree()

	fctx := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	fctx.Request.Header.SetMethod(MethodGet)
	fctx.Request.SetRequestURI("/foo")

	ctx := app.AcquireCtx(fctx)
	defer app.ReleaseCtx(ctx)

	matched, err := app.nextCustom(ctx)
	require.True(t, matched)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Equal(t, "/foo", ctx.Route().Path)
}

func Test_AddRoute_MergeHandlers(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()
	app := New()
	count := func(_ Ctx) error { return nil }
	app.Get("/merge", count)
	app.Get("/merge", count)

	require.Len(t, app.stack[app.methodInt(MethodGet)], 1)
	require.Len(t, app.stack[app.methodInt(MethodGet)][0].Handlers, 2)
}

func Benchmark_App_RebuildTree_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.ResetTimer()
	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		// Each worker gets its own App instance to avoid data races on shared state
		localApp := New()
		registerDummyRoutes(localApp)
		for pb.Next() {
			localApp.hasRoutesRefreshed = true
			localApp.RebuildTree()
		}
	})
}

func Benchmark_App_MethodNotAllowed_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	h := func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.SendString("Hello World!")
	}
	app.All("/this/is/a/", h)
	app.Get("/this/is/a/dummy/route/oke", h)
	appHandler := app.Handler()
	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		// Each worker gets its own RequestCtx to avoid data races
		c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
		c.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
		c.URI().SetPath("/this/is/a/dummy/route/oke")
		for pb.Next() {
			appHandler(c)
		}
	})

	// Single-threaded verification on a fresh context to preserve correctness checks
	verifyCtx := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	verifyCtx.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
	verifyCtx.URI().SetPath("/this/is/a/dummy/route/oke")
	appHandler(verifyCtx)
	require.Equal(b, 405, verifyCtx.Response.StatusCode())
	require.Equal(b, MethodGet+", "+MethodHead, string(verifyCtx.Response.Header.Peek("Allow")))
	require.Equal(b, utils.StatusMessage(StatusMethodNotAllowed), string(verifyCtx.Response.Body()))
}

func Benchmark_Router_NotFound_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	b.ReportAllocs()
	app := New()
	app.Use(func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.Next()
	})
	registerDummyRoutes(app)
	appHandler := app.Handler()
	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	c.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
	c.URI().SetPath("/this/route/does/not/exist")
	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		for pb.Next() {
			appHandler(c)
		}
	})
	require.Equal(b, 404, c.Response.StatusCode())
	require.Equal(b, "Not Found", string(c.Response.Body()))
}

func Benchmark_Router_Handler_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	registerDummyRoutes(app)
	appHandler := app.Handler()
	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	c.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
	c.URI().SetPath("/user/keys/1337")
	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		for pb.Next() {
			appHandler(c)
		}
	})
}

func Benchmark_Router_Handler_Strict_Case_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	app := New(Config{StrictRouting: true, CaseSensitive: true})
	registerDummyRoutes(app)
	appHandler := app.Handler()
	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	c.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
	c.URI().SetPath("/user/keys/1337")
	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		for pb.Next() {
			appHandler(c)
		}
	})
}

func Benchmark_Router_Chain_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	handler := func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.Next()
	}
	app.Get("/", handler, handler, handler, handler, handler, handler)
	appHandler := app.Handler()
	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	c.Request.Header.SetMethod(MethodGet)
	c.URI().SetPath("/")
	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		for pb.Next() {
			appHandler(c)
		}
	})
}

func Benchmark_Router_WithCompression_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	handler := func(c Ctx) error {
		return c.Next()
	}
	app.Get("/", handler)
	app.Get("/", handler)
	app.Get("/", handler)
	app.Get("/", handler)
	app.Get("/", handler)
	app.Get("/", handler)
	appHandler := app.Handler()
	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	c.Request.Header.SetMethod(MethodGet)
	c.URI().SetPath("/")
	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		for pb.Next() {
			appHandler(c)
		}
	})
}

func Benchmark_Startup_Process_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		for pb.Next() {
			app := New()
			registerDummyRoutes(app)
			app.startupProcess()
		}
	})
}

func Benchmark_Router_Next_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	registerDummyRoutes(app)
	app.startupProcess()
	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		// Each worker gets its own request and context to avoid data races.
		request := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
		request.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
		request.URI().SetPath("/user/keys/1337")
		c := acquireDefaultCtxForRouterBenchmark(b, app, request)
		for pb.Next() {
			c.indexRoute = -1
			//nolint:errcheck // Benchmark hot path - error checked in verification
			_, _ = app.next(c)
		}
	})

	// Single-threaded verification on a fresh context to preserve correctness checks.
	verifyRequest := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	verifyRequest.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
	verifyRequest.URI().SetPath("/user/keys/1337")
	verifyCtx := acquireDefaultCtxForRouterBenchmark(b, app, verifyRequest)
	verifyCtx.indexRoute = -1
	res, err := app.next(verifyCtx)
	require.NoError(b, err)
	require.True(b, res)
	require.Equal(b, 4, verifyCtx.indexRoute)
}

func Benchmark_Router_Next_Default_Immutable_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	app := New(Config{Immutable: true})
	app.Get("/", func(_ Ctx) error {
		return nil
	})
	h := app.Handler()
	fctx := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	fctx.Request.Header.SetMethod(MethodGet)
	fctx.Request.SetRequestURI("/")
	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		for pb.Next() {
			h(fctx)
		}
	})
}

func Benchmark_Route_Match_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	parsed := parseRoute("/user/keys/:id", regexp.MustCompile)
	route := &Route{use: false, root: false, star: false, routeParser: parsed, Params: parsed.params, path: "/user/keys/:id", Path: "/user/keys/:id", Method: "DELETE"}
	route.Handlers = append(route.Handlers, func(_ Ctx) error {
		return nil
	})
	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		// Each worker gets its own local variables to avoid data races
		var params [maxParams]string
		for pb.Next() {
			_ = route.match("/user/keys/1337", "/user/keys/1337", &params)
		}
	})

	// Single-threaded verification to preserve correctness checks
	var verifyParams [maxParams]string
	match := route.match("/user/keys/1337", "/user/keys/1337", &verifyParams)
	require.True(b, match)
	require.Equal(b, []string{"1337"}, verifyParams[0:len(parsed.params)])
}

func Benchmark_Route_Match_Star_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	var match bool
	var params [maxParams]string
	parsed := parseRoute("/*", regexp.MustCompile)
	route := &Route{use: false, root: false, star: true, routeParser: parsed, Params: parsed.params, path: "/user/keys/bla", Path: "/user/keys/bla", Method: "DELETE"}
	route.Handlers = append(route.Handlers, func(_ Ctx) error {
		return nil
	})
	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		for pb.Next() {
			match = route.match("/user/keys/bla", "/user/keys/bla", &params)
		}
	})
	require.True(b, match)
	require.Equal(b, []string{"user/keys/bla"}, params[0:len(parsed.params)])
}

func Benchmark_Route_Match_Root_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	var match bool
	var params [maxParams]string
	parsed := parseRoute("/", regexp.MustCompile)
	route := &Route{use: false, root: true, star: false, path: "/", routeParser: parsed, Params: parsed.params, Path: "/", Method: "DELETE"}
	route.Handlers = append(route.Handlers, func(_ Ctx) error {
		return nil
	})
	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		for pb.Next() {
			match = route.match("/", "/", &params)
		}
	})
	require.True(b, match)
	require.Equal(b, []string{}, params[0:len(parsed.params)])
}

func Benchmark_Router_Handler_CaseSensitive_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	app.config.CaseSensitive = true
	registerDummyRoutes(app)
	appHandler := app.Handler()
	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	c.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
	c.URI().SetPath("/user/keys/1337")
	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		for pb.Next() {
			appHandler(c)
		}
	})
}

func Benchmark_Router_Handler_Unescape_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	app.config.UnescapePath = true
	registerDummyRoutes(app)
	app.Delete("/créer", func(_ Ctx) error {
		return nil
	})
	appHandler := app.Handler()
	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	c.Request.Header.SetMethod(MethodDelete)
	c.URI().SetPath("/cr%C3%A9er")
	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		for pb.Next() {
			c.URI().SetPath("/cr%C3%A9er")
			appHandler(c)
		}
	})
}

func Benchmark_Router_Handler_StrictRouting_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	app.config.CaseSensitive = true
	registerDummyRoutes(app)
	appHandler := app.Handler()
	c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
	c.Request.Header.SetMethod("DELETE")
	c.URI().SetPath("/user/keys/1337")
	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
		for pb.Next() {
			appHandler(c)
		}
	})
}

func Benchmark_Router_GitHub_API_Parallel(b *testing.B) {
	app := New()
	registerDummyRoutes(app)
	app.startupProcess()
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := range routesFixture.TestRoutes {
		b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
			// Each worker gets its own RequestCtx and local variables to avoid data races
			c := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
			c.Request.Header.SetMethod(routesFixture.TestRoutes[i].Method)
			for pb.Next() {
				c.URI().SetPath(routesFixture.TestRoutes[i].Path)
				ctx := acquireDefaultCtxForRouterBenchmark(b, app, c)
				//nolint:errcheck // Benchmark hot path - error checked in verification
				_, _ = app.next(ctx)
				app.ReleaseCtx(ctx)
			}
		})

		// Single-threaded verification on a fresh context to preserve correctness checks
		verifyC := &fasthttp.RequestCtx{}
		verifyC.Request.Header.SetMethod(routesFixture.TestRoutes[i].Method)
		verifyC.URI().SetPath(routesFixture.TestRoutes[i].Path)
		verifyCtx := acquireDefaultCtxForRouterBenchmark(b, app, verifyC)
		match, err := app.next(verifyCtx)
		app.ReleaseCtx(verifyCtx)
		require.NoError(b, err)
		require.True(b, match)
	}
}

// go test -run Test_Route_URL
func Test_Route_URL(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	t.Run("simple parameter", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		app := New()
		app.Get("/user/:name", emptyHandler).Name("User")

		route := app.GetRoute("User")
		url, err := route.URL(Map{"name": "fiber"})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, "/user/fiber", url)
	})

	t.Run("multiple parameters", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		app := New()
		app.Get("/user/:name/:id", emptyHandler).Name("UserID")

		route := app.GetRoute("UserID")
		url, err := route.URL(Map{"name": "john", "id": "123"})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, "/user/john/123", url)
	})

	t.Run("wildcard parameters", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		app := New()
		app.Get("/:phone/*/send/*", emptyHandler).Name("SendSms")

		route := app.GetRoute("SendSms")
		url, err := route.URL(Map{
			"phone": "23456789",
			"*1":    "sms",
			"*2":    "test-msg",
		})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, "/23456789/sms/send/test-msg", url)
	})

	t.Run("single wildcard parameter", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		app := New()
		app.Get("/:phone/*/send", emptyHandler).Name("SendSms")

		route := app.GetRoute("SendSms")
		url, err := route.URL(Map{
			"phone": "23456789",
			"*":     "sms",
		})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, "/23456789/sms/send", url)
	})

	t.Run("plus parameters prefer plus fallback", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		app := New()
		app.Get("/user/+", emptyHandler).Name("UserGreedy")

		route := app.GetRoute("UserGreedy")
		url, err := route.URL(Map{
			"*": "wildcard",
			"+": "plus",
		})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, "/user/plus", url)
	})

	t.Run("preferred greedy parameters default fallback", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		require.Equal(t, preferredPlusGreedyParameters, preferredGreedyParameters("+1"))
		require.Equal(t, preferredWildcardGreedyParameters, preferredGreedyParameters("*1"))
		require.Equal(t, defaultGreedyParameterKeys, preferredGreedyParameters(""))
		require.Equal(t, defaultGreedyParameterKeys, preferredGreedyParameters("name"))
	})

	t.Run("case insensitive default", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		app := New()
		app.Get("/user/:name", emptyHandler).Name("User")

		route := app.GetRoute("User")
		// Case-insensitive by default (matching Fiber's default behavior)
		url, err := route.URL(Map{"Name": "fiber"})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, "/user/fiber", url)

		// When multiple keys case-fold to the same param name and no exact key
		// exists, the lexicographically-smallest key wins deterministically.
		for range 50 {
			url, err = route.URL(Map{"nAme": "second", "Name": "first"})
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Equal(t, "/user/first", url)
		}

		// When multiple keys case-fold to the same param name, prefer the exact match.
		url, err = route.URL(Map{"name": "exact", "Name": "fallback"})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, "/user/exact", url)
	})

	t.Run("case sensitive", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		app := New(Config{CaseSensitive: true})
		app.Get("/user/:name", emptyHandler).Name("User")

		route := app.GetRoute("User")
		// Exact case match succeeds
		url, err := route.URL(Map{"name": "fiber"})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, "/user/fiber", url)
		// Different case does not match when CaseSensitive is true
		url, err = route.URL(Map{"Name": "fiber"})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, "/user/", url)
	})

	t.Run("empty route", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		route := Route{}
		url, err := route.URL(Map{"name": "fiber"})
		require.Error(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, ErrNotFound, err)
		require.Empty(t, url)
	})

	t.Run("route without parsed segments returns path", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		// This covers fallback/manual Route values whose Path is set but whose
		// routeParser was never populated, such as synthetic routes outside the
		// normal registration pipeline.
		route := Route{Path: "/error"}
		url, err := route.URL(Map{"name": "fiber"})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, "/error", url)
	})

	t.Run("GetRoute direct call", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		app := New()
		app.Get("/user/:name", emptyHandler).Name("User")

		url, err := app.GetRoute("User").URL(Map{"name": "fiber"})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, "/user/fiber", url)
	})

	t.Run("no parameters", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		app := New()
		app.Get("/static/path", emptyHandler).Name("Static")

		route := app.GetRoute("Static")
		url, err := route.URL(Map{})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, "/static/path", url)
	})

	t.Run("missing parameter value", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		app := New()
		app.Get("/user/:name/:id", emptyHandler).Name("UserID")

		route := app.GetRoute("UserID")
		url, err := route.URL(Map{"name": "john"})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		// Missing id parameter results in empty placeholder
		require.Equal(t, "/user/john/", url)
	})

	t.Run("extra parameters ignored", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		app := New()
		app.Get("/user/:name", emptyHandler).Name("User")

		route := app.GetRoute("User")
		url, err := route.URL(Map{"name": "fiber", "extra": "ignored"})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, "/user/fiber", url)
	})

	t.Run("numeric parameter values", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		app := New()
		app.Get("/item/:id", emptyHandler).Name("Item")

		route := app.GetRoute("Item")
		url, err := route.URL(Map{"id": 42})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, "/item/42", url)
	})

	t.Run("complex path with mixed content", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Parallel()
		app := New()
		app.Get("/api/v1/users/:userId/posts/:postId/comments", emptyHandler).Name("Comments")

		route := app.GetRoute("Comments")
		url, err := route.URL(Map{"userId": "user123", "postId": "post456"})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, "/api/v1/users/user123/posts/post456/comments", url)
	})
}